… machine concept to make the machine scaled for home use, and to make the needle go up and down instead of back and forth.
Patent wars followed between Singer and Howe among others. Singer prevailed and got the rights to the patent until 1854 when Howe took it back legally. Singer had to pay royalties for not only the years between when he had “stolen” the patent, but forward for as long as the patent was in use.
(Sketch: Howe demonstrates his 1846 invention during legal presentations to determine patent ownership)